Oral or Written and How both can be altered.

Henige mentions in “Oral Tradition and Chronology” on Kinglists, which is where telescoping can happen more often than not. If rulers created chaos, ruled for a short time or were “imposed by a foreign suzerain” these rulers were generally left out of the Kinglists.  Telescoping can also occur when an epoch is compressed into one generation or under one ruler. Yet, the biggest error occurs from “faulty collective memories of the transmitters of the list”. (Henige)

In "Folk Literature: An Operational Definition" there is mention of "One more problem of rigor. How far can we trust John Jones himself?" (Utley) This makes me think on how can we really trust any spoken word?

Henige, David P. "Oral Tradition and hronology." The Journal of African History, Vol. 12, No. 3 (1971): 371-389.

Utley, Francis Lee. "Folk Literature: An Operational Definition." The Journal of Americal Folklore, Vol. 74, No. 293 (1961): 193-206.